OOPSpam Anti-Spam: Spam Protection for WordPress Forms & Comments (No CAPTCHA) <= 1.2.53 - Unauthenticated IP Header Spoofing

{
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "cveMetadata": {
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-12094",
    "assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
    "assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-10-31T14:18:40.788Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-10-22T19:21:34.626Z",
    "datePublished": "2025-10-31T08:25:55.153Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "providerMetadata": {
        "orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
        "shortName": "Wordfence",
        "dateUpdated": "2025-10-31T08:25:55.153Z"
      },
      "title": "OOPSpam Anti-Spam: Spam Protection for WordPress Forms & Comments (No CAPTCHA) <= 1.2.53 - Unauthenticated IP Header Spoofing",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "The OOPSpam Anti-Spam: Spam Protection for WordPress Forms & Comments (No CAPTCHA) plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to IP Header Spoofing in all versions up to, and including, 1.2.53. This is due to the plugin trusting client-controlled forwarded headers (such as CF-Connecting-IP, X-Forwarded-For, and others) without verifying that those headers originate from legitimate, trusted proxies. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to spoof their IP address and bypass IP-based security controls, including blocked IP lists and rate limiting protections, by sending arbitrary HTTP headers with their requests."
        }
      ],
      "affected": [
        {
          "vendor": "oopspam",
          "product": "OOPSpam Anti-Spam: Spam Protection for WordPress Forms & Comments (No CAPTCHA)",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "versions": [
            {
              "version": "*",
              "status": "affected",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "1.2.53"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "lang": "en",
              "description": "CWE-693 Protection Mechanism Failure",
              "cweId": "CWE-693",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/b5137bc2-912b-4e25-966e-515e8d9fc21c?source=cve"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/oopspam-anti-spam/tags/1.2.49/include/helpers.php#L268"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3386104/oopspam-anti-spam/trunk/include/helpers.php"
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "version": "3.1",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
            "baseScore": 5.3,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM"
          }
        }
      ],
      "timeline": [
        {
          "time": "2025-10-22T20:24:32.000+00:00",
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Vendor Notified"
        },
        {
          "time": "2025-10-30T00:00:00.000+00:00",
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Disclosed"
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Jonas Benjamin Friedli",
          "type": "finder"
        }
      ]
    },
    "adp": [
      {
        "providerMetadata": {
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP",
          "dateUpdated": "2025-10-31T14:18:40.788Z"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment",
        "metrics": [
          {}
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}